cluster/identd/ident: add basic ident protocol client

This is the first pass at an ident protocol client. In the end, we want
to implement an ident protocol server for our in-cluster identd, but
starting out with a client helps me getting familiar with the protocol,
and will allow the server implementation to be tested against the
client.

Change-Id: Ic37b84577321533bab2f2fbf7fb53409a5defb95
diff --git a/cluster/identd/ident/client.go b/cluster/identd/ident/client.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c76e867
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cluster/identd/ident/client.go
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+package ident
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"strconv"
+
+	"github.com/golang/glog"
+)
+
+type DialOption func(d *dialOptions)
+
+type dialOptions struct {
+	dialer func(context.Context, string, string) (net.Conn, error)
+}
+
+// WithDialer configures a Client to use a given dial function instead of the
+// default implementation in net.
+func WithDialer(dialer func(context.Context, string, string) (net.Conn, error)) DialOption {
+	return func(d *dialOptions) {
+		d.dialer = dialer
+	}
+}
+
+// parseTarget interprets a target string (ie. the target address of the Dial
+// function) as an ident service address, either a host:port pair, or a host
+// (in which case the default ident port, 113, is used).
+func parseTarget(s string) (string, uint16, error) {
+	host, portStr, err := net.SplitHostPort(s)
+	if err == nil {
+		port, err := strconv.ParseUint(portStr, 10, 16)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", 0, fmt.Errorf("can't parse port %q: %w", portStr, err)
+		}
+		return host, uint16(port), nil
+	}
+
+	// Doesn't look like a host:port pair? Default to port 113.
+	return s, 113, nil
+}
+
+// Dial sets up an ident protocol Client that will connect to the given target.
+// Target can be either a host:port pair, or just a host (in which case the
+// default ident port, 113, is used).
+// This does not actually connect to identd over TCP - that will be done, as
+// necessary, as requests are processed (including reconnections if multiple
+// requests are processed on a Client which connects to a server that does not
+// support long-standing ident donnections).
+func Dial(target string, options ...DialOption) (*Client, error) {
+	host, port, err := parseTarget(target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid target: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	dialer := net.Dialer{}
+	opts := dialOptions{
+		dialer: dialer.DialContext,
+	}
+	for _, opt := range options {
+		opt(&opts)
+	}
+
+	return &Client{
+		opts:    opts,
+		target:  net.JoinHostPort(host, fmt.Sprintf("%d", port)),
+		conn:    nil,
+		scanner: nil,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Client is an ident protocol client. It maintains a connection to the ident
+// server that it's been configured for, reconnecting as necessary. It is not
+// safe to be used by multiple goroutines.
+type Client struct {
+	// opts are the dialOptions with which the client has been constructed.
+	opts dialOptions
+	// target is the full host:port pair that the client should connect to.
+	target string
+	// conn is either nil or an active TCP connection to the ident server.
+	conn net.Conn
+	// scannner is either nil or a line-scanner attached to the receive side of
+	// conn.
+	scanner *bufio.Scanner
+}
+
+func (c *Client) connect(ctx context.Context) error {
+	glog.V(1).Infof("Dialing IDENT at %q", c.target)
+	conn, err := c.opts.dialer(ctx, "tcp", c.target)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("connecting: %w", err)
+	}
+	c.conn = conn
+	c.scanner = bufio.NewScanner(conn)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) disconnect() {
+	if c.conn == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	c.conn.Close()
+	c.conn = nil
+}
+
+// Do executes the given Request against the server to which the Client is
+// connected.
+func (c *Client) Do(ctx context.Context, r *Request) (*Response, error) {
+	glog.V(1).Infof("Do(%+v)", r)
+
+	// Connect if needed.
+	if c.conn == nil {
+		if err := c.connect(ctx); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Start a goroutine that will perform the actual request/response
+	// processing to the server. A successful response will land in resC, while
+	// any protocl-level error will land in errC.
+	// We make both channels buffered, because if the context expires without a
+	// response, we want the goroutine to be able to write to them even though
+	// we're not receiving anymore. The channel will then be garbage collected.
+	resC := make(chan *Response, 1)
+	errC := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		data := r.encode()
+		glog.V(3).Infof(" -> %q", data)
+		_, err := c.conn.Write(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			errC <- fmt.Errorf("Write: %w", err)
+			return
+		}
+		if !c.scanner.Scan() {
+			// scanner.Err() returns nil on EOF. We want that EOF, as the ident
+			// protocol has special meaning for EOF sent by the server
+			// (indicating either a lack of support for multiple requests per
+			// connection, or a refusal to serve at an early stage of the
+			// connection).
+			if err := c.scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+				errC <- fmt.Errorf("Read: %w", err)
+			} else {
+				errC <- fmt.Errorf("Read: %w", io.EOF)
+			}
+		}
+		data = c.scanner.Bytes()
+		glog.V(3).Infof(" <- %q", data)
+		resp, err := decodeResponse(data)
+		if err != nil {
+			errC <- err
+		} else {
+			resC <- resp
+		}
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		// If the context is closed, fail with the context error and kill the
+		// connection. The running goroutine will error out on any pending
+		// network I/O and fail at some later point.
+		// TODO(q3k): make the communication goroutine long-lived and don't
+		// kill it here, just let it finish whatever it's doing and ignore the
+		// result.
+		c.disconnect()
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	case res := <-resC:
+		return res, nil
+	case err := <-errC:
+		// TODO(q3k): interpret EOF, which can mean different things at
+		// different times according to the RFC.
+		if c.conn != nil {
+			c.conn.Close()
+			c.conn = nil
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+}
+
+// Close closes the Client, closing any underlying TCP connection.
+func (c *Client) Close() error {
+	if c.conn == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return c.conn.Close()
+}