diff --git a/go/vendor/google.golang.org/grpc/clientconn.go b/go/vendor/google.golang.org/grpc/clientconn.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f49ac3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/go/vendor/google.golang.org/grpc/clientconn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,1398 @@
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright 2014 gRPC authors.
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ *
+ */
+
+package grpc
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math"
+	"net"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/context"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/balancer"
+	_ "google.golang.org/grpc/balancer/roundrobin" // To register roundrobin.
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/connectivity"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/credentials"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/grpclog"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/internal/backoff"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/internal/channelz"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/internal/transport"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/keepalive"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/metadata"
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/resolver"
+	_ "google.golang.org/grpc/resolver/dns"         // To register dns resolver.
+	_ "google.golang.org/grpc/resolver/passthrough" // To register passthrough resolver.
+	"google.golang.org/grpc/status"
+)
+
+const (
+	// minimum time to give a connection to complete
+	minConnectTimeout = 20 * time.Second
+	// must match grpclbName in grpclb/grpclb.go
+	grpclbName = "grpclb"
+)
+
+var (
+	// ErrClientConnClosing indicates that the operation is illegal because
+	// the ClientConn is closing.
+	//
+	// Deprecated: this error should not be relied upon by users; use the status
+	// code of Canceled instead.
+	ErrClientConnClosing = status.Error(codes.Canceled, "grpc: the client connection is closing")
+	// errConnDrain indicates that the connection starts to be drained and does not accept any new RPCs.
+	errConnDrain = errors.New("grpc: the connection is drained")
+	// errConnClosing indicates that the connection is closing.
+	errConnClosing = errors.New("grpc: the connection is closing")
+	// errBalancerClosed indicates that the balancer is closed.
+	errBalancerClosed = errors.New("grpc: balancer is closed")
+	// We use an accessor so that minConnectTimeout can be
+	// atomically read and updated while testing.
+	getMinConnectTimeout = func() time.Duration {
+		return minConnectTimeout
+	}
+)
+
+// The following errors are returned from Dial and DialContext
+var (
+	// errNoTransportSecurity indicates that there is no transport security
+	// being set for ClientConn. Users should either set one or explicitly
+	// call WithInsecure DialOption to disable security.
+	errNoTransportSecurity = errors.New("grpc: no transport security set (use grpc.WithInsecure() explicitly or set credentials)")
+	// errTransportCredsAndBundle indicates that creds bundle is used together
+	// with other individual Transport Credentials.
+	errTransportCredsAndBundle = errors.New("grpc: credentials.Bundle may not be used with individual TransportCredentials")
+	// errTransportCredentialsMissing indicates that users want to transmit security
+	// information (e.g., oauth2 token) which requires secure connection on an insecure
+	// connection.
+	errTransportCredentialsMissing = errors.New("grpc: the credentials require transport level security (use grpc.WithTransportCredentials() to set)")
+	// errCredentialsConflict indicates that grpc.WithTransportCredentials()
+	// and grpc.WithInsecure() are both called for a connection.
+	errCredentialsConflict = errors.New("grpc: transport credentials are set for an insecure connection (grpc.WithTransportCredentials() and grpc.WithInsecure() are both called)")
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultClientMaxReceiveMessageSize = 1024 * 1024 * 4
+	defaultClientMaxSendMessageSize    = math.MaxInt32
+	// http2IOBufSize specifies the buffer size for sending frames.
+	defaultWriteBufSize = 32 * 1024
+	defaultReadBufSize  = 32 * 1024
+)
+
+// Dial creates a client connection to the given target.
+func Dial(target string, opts ...DialOption) (*ClientConn, error) {
+	return DialContext(context.Background(), target, opts...)
+}
+
+// DialContext creates a client connection to the given target. By default, it's
+// a non-blocking dial (the function won't wait for connections to be
+// established, and connecting happens in the background). To make it a blocking
+// dial, use WithBlock() dial option.
+//
+// In the non-blocking case, the ctx does not act against the connection. It
+// only controls the setup steps.
+//
+// In the blocking case, ctx can be used to cancel or expire the pending
+// connection. Once this function returns, the cancellation and expiration of
+// ctx will be noop. Users should call ClientConn.Close to terminate all the
+// pending operations after this function returns.
+//
+// The target name syntax is defined in
+// https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/doc/naming.md.
+// e.g. to use dns resolver, a "dns:///" prefix should be applied to the target.
+func DialContext(ctx context.Context, target string, opts ...DialOption) (conn *ClientConn, err error) {
+	cc := &ClientConn{
+		target:         target,
+		csMgr:          &connectivityStateManager{},
+		conns:          make(map[*addrConn]struct{}),
+		dopts:          defaultDialOptions(),
+		blockingpicker: newPickerWrapper(),
+		czData:         new(channelzData),
+	}
+	cc.retryThrottler.Store((*retryThrottler)(nil))
+	cc.ctx, cc.cancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt.apply(&cc.dopts)
+	}
+
+	if channelz.IsOn() {
+		if cc.dopts.channelzParentID != 0 {
+			cc.channelzID = channelz.RegisterChannel(&channelzChannel{cc}, cc.dopts.channelzParentID, target)
+			channelz.AddTraceEvent(cc.channelzID, &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+				Desc:     "Channel Created",
+				Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+				Parent: &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+					Desc:     fmt.Sprintf("Nested Channel(id:%d) created", cc.channelzID),
+					Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+				},
+			})
+		} else {
+			cc.channelzID = channelz.RegisterChannel(&channelzChannel{cc}, 0, target)
+			channelz.AddTraceEvent(cc.channelzID, &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+				Desc:     "Channel Created",
+				Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+			})
+		}
+		cc.csMgr.channelzID = cc.channelzID
+	}
+
+	if !cc.dopts.insecure {
+		if cc.dopts.copts.TransportCredentials == nil && cc.dopts.copts.CredsBundle == nil {
+			return nil, errNoTransportSecurity
+		}
+		if cc.dopts.copts.TransportCredentials != nil && cc.dopts.copts.CredsBundle != nil {
+			return nil, errTransportCredsAndBundle
+		}
+	} else {
+		if cc.dopts.copts.TransportCredentials != nil || cc.dopts.copts.CredsBundle != nil {
+			return nil, errCredentialsConflict
+		}
+		for _, cd := range cc.dopts.copts.PerRPCCredentials {
+			if cd.RequireTransportSecurity() {
+				return nil, errTransportCredentialsMissing
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	cc.mkp = cc.dopts.copts.KeepaliveParams
+
+	if cc.dopts.copts.Dialer == nil {
+		cc.dopts.copts.Dialer = newProxyDialer(
+			func(ctx context.Context, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+				network, addr := parseDialTarget(addr)
+				return dialContext(ctx, network, addr)
+			},
+		)
+	}
+
+	if cc.dopts.copts.UserAgent != "" {
+		cc.dopts.copts.UserAgent += " " + grpcUA
+	} else {
+		cc.dopts.copts.UserAgent = grpcUA
+	}
+
+	if cc.dopts.timeout > 0 {
+		var cancel context.CancelFunc
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, cc.dopts.timeout)
+		defer cancel()
+	}
+
+	defer func() {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			conn, err = nil, ctx.Err()
+		default:
+		}
+
+		if err != nil {
+			cc.Close()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	scSet := false
+	if cc.dopts.scChan != nil {
+		// Try to get an initial service config.
+		select {
+		case sc, ok := <-cc.dopts.scChan:
+			if ok {
+				cc.sc = sc
+				scSet = true
+			}
+		default:
+		}
+	}
+	if cc.dopts.bs == nil {
+		cc.dopts.bs = backoff.Exponential{
+			MaxDelay: DefaultBackoffConfig.MaxDelay,
+		}
+	}
+	if cc.dopts.resolverBuilder == nil {
+		// Only try to parse target when resolver builder is not already set.
+		cc.parsedTarget = parseTarget(cc.target)
+		grpclog.Infof("parsed scheme: %q", cc.parsedTarget.Scheme)
+		cc.dopts.resolverBuilder = resolver.Get(cc.parsedTarget.Scheme)
+		if cc.dopts.resolverBuilder == nil {
+			// If resolver builder is still nil, the parse target's scheme is
+			// not registered. Fallback to default resolver and set Endpoint to
+			// the original unparsed target.
+			grpclog.Infof("scheme %q not registered, fallback to default scheme", cc.parsedTarget.Scheme)
+			cc.parsedTarget = resolver.Target{
+				Scheme:   resolver.GetDefaultScheme(),
+				Endpoint: target,
+			}
+			cc.dopts.resolverBuilder = resolver.Get(cc.parsedTarget.Scheme)
+		}
+	} else {
+		cc.parsedTarget = resolver.Target{Endpoint: target}
+	}
+	creds := cc.dopts.copts.TransportCredentials
+	if creds != nil && creds.Info().ServerName != "" {
+		cc.authority = creds.Info().ServerName
+	} else if cc.dopts.insecure && cc.dopts.authority != "" {
+		cc.authority = cc.dopts.authority
+	} else {
+		// Use endpoint from "scheme://authority/endpoint" as the default
+		// authority for ClientConn.
+		cc.authority = cc.parsedTarget.Endpoint
+	}
+
+	if cc.dopts.scChan != nil && !scSet {
+		// Blocking wait for the initial service config.
+		select {
+		case sc, ok := <-cc.dopts.scChan:
+			if ok {
+				cc.sc = sc
+			}
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+	if cc.dopts.scChan != nil {
+		go cc.scWatcher()
+	}
+
+	var credsClone credentials.TransportCredentials
+	if creds := cc.dopts.copts.TransportCredentials; creds != nil {
+		credsClone = creds.Clone()
+	}
+	cc.balancerBuildOpts = balancer.BuildOptions{
+		DialCreds:        credsClone,
+		CredsBundle:      cc.dopts.copts.CredsBundle,
+		Dialer:           cc.dopts.copts.Dialer,
+		ChannelzParentID: cc.channelzID,
+	}
+
+	// Build the resolver.
+	cc.resolverWrapper, err = newCCResolverWrapper(cc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to build resolver: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Start the resolver wrapper goroutine after resolverWrapper is created.
+	//
+	// If the goroutine is started before resolverWrapper is ready, the
+	// following may happen: The goroutine sends updates to cc. cc forwards
+	// those to balancer. Balancer creates new addrConn. addrConn fails to
+	// connect, and calls resolveNow(). resolveNow() tries to use the non-ready
+	// resolverWrapper.
+	cc.resolverWrapper.start()
+
+	// A blocking dial blocks until the clientConn is ready.
+	if cc.dopts.block {
+		for {
+			s := cc.GetState()
+			if s == connectivity.Ready {
+				break
+			} else if cc.dopts.copts.FailOnNonTempDialError && s == connectivity.TransientFailure {
+				if err = cc.blockingpicker.connectionError(); err != nil {
+					terr, ok := err.(interface{ Temporary() bool })
+					if ok && !terr.Temporary() {
+						return nil, err
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if !cc.WaitForStateChange(ctx, s) {
+				// ctx got timeout or canceled.
+				return nil, ctx.Err()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return cc, nil
+}
+
+// connectivityStateManager keeps the connectivity.State of ClientConn.
+// This struct will eventually be exported so the balancers can access it.
+type connectivityStateManager struct {
+	mu         sync.Mutex
+	state      connectivity.State
+	notifyChan chan struct{}
+	channelzID int64
+}
+
+// updateState updates the connectivity.State of ClientConn.
+// If there's a change it notifies goroutines waiting on state change to
+// happen.
+func (csm *connectivityStateManager) updateState(state connectivity.State) {
+	csm.mu.Lock()
+	defer csm.mu.Unlock()
+	if csm.state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+		return
+	}
+	if csm.state == state {
+		return
+	}
+	csm.state = state
+	if channelz.IsOn() {
+		channelz.AddTraceEvent(csm.channelzID, &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+			Desc:     fmt.Sprintf("Channel Connectivity change to %v", state),
+			Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+		})
+	}
+	if csm.notifyChan != nil {
+		// There are other goroutines waiting on this channel.
+		close(csm.notifyChan)
+		csm.notifyChan = nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (csm *connectivityStateManager) getState() connectivity.State {
+	csm.mu.Lock()
+	defer csm.mu.Unlock()
+	return csm.state
+}
+
+func (csm *connectivityStateManager) getNotifyChan() <-chan struct{} {
+	csm.mu.Lock()
+	defer csm.mu.Unlock()
+	if csm.notifyChan == nil {
+		csm.notifyChan = make(chan struct{})
+	}
+	return csm.notifyChan
+}
+
+// ClientConn represents a client connection to an RPC server.
+type ClientConn struct {
+	ctx    context.Context
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
+
+	target       string
+	parsedTarget resolver.Target
+	authority    string
+	dopts        dialOptions
+	csMgr        *connectivityStateManager
+
+	balancerBuildOpts balancer.BuildOptions
+	resolverWrapper   *ccResolverWrapper
+	blockingpicker    *pickerWrapper
+
+	mu    sync.RWMutex
+	sc    ServiceConfig
+	scRaw string
+	conns map[*addrConn]struct{}
+	// Keepalive parameter can be updated if a GoAway is received.
+	mkp             keepalive.ClientParameters
+	curBalancerName string
+	preBalancerName string // previous balancer name.
+	curAddresses    []resolver.Address
+	balancerWrapper *ccBalancerWrapper
+	retryThrottler  atomic.Value
+
+	channelzID int64 // channelz unique identification number
+	czData     *channelzData
+}
+
+// WaitForStateChange waits until the connectivity.State of ClientConn changes from sourceState or
+// ctx expires. A true value is returned in former case and false in latter.
+// This is an EXPERIMENTAL API.
+func (cc *ClientConn) WaitForStateChange(ctx context.Context, sourceState connectivity.State) bool {
+	ch := cc.csMgr.getNotifyChan()
+	if cc.csMgr.getState() != sourceState {
+		return true
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return false
+	case <-ch:
+		return true
+	}
+}
+
+// GetState returns the connectivity.State of ClientConn.
+// This is an EXPERIMENTAL API.
+func (cc *ClientConn) GetState() connectivity.State {
+	return cc.csMgr.getState()
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) scWatcher() {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case sc, ok := <-cc.dopts.scChan:
+			if !ok {
+				return
+			}
+			cc.mu.Lock()
+			// TODO: load balance policy runtime change is ignored.
+			// We may revist this decision in the future.
+			cc.sc = sc
+			cc.scRaw = ""
+			cc.mu.Unlock()
+		case <-cc.ctx.Done():
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) handleResolvedAddrs(addrs []resolver.Address, err error) {
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	defer cc.mu.Unlock()
+	if cc.conns == nil {
+		// cc was closed.
+		return
+	}
+
+	if reflect.DeepEqual(cc.curAddresses, addrs) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	cc.curAddresses = addrs
+
+	if cc.dopts.balancerBuilder == nil {
+		// Only look at balancer types and switch balancer if balancer dial
+		// option is not set.
+		var isGRPCLB bool
+		for _, a := range addrs {
+			if a.Type == resolver.GRPCLB {
+				isGRPCLB = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		var newBalancerName string
+		if isGRPCLB {
+			newBalancerName = grpclbName
+		} else {
+			// Address list doesn't contain grpclb address. Try to pick a
+			// non-grpclb balancer.
+			newBalancerName = cc.curBalancerName
+			// If current balancer is grpclb, switch to the previous one.
+			if newBalancerName == grpclbName {
+				newBalancerName = cc.preBalancerName
+			}
+			// The following could be true in two cases:
+			// - the first time handling resolved addresses
+			//   (curBalancerName="")
+			// - the first time handling non-grpclb addresses
+			//   (curBalancerName="grpclb", preBalancerName="")
+			if newBalancerName == "" {
+				newBalancerName = PickFirstBalancerName
+			}
+		}
+		cc.switchBalancer(newBalancerName)
+	} else if cc.balancerWrapper == nil {
+		// Balancer dial option was set, and this is the first time handling
+		// resolved addresses. Build a balancer with dopts.balancerBuilder.
+		cc.balancerWrapper = newCCBalancerWrapper(cc, cc.dopts.balancerBuilder, cc.balancerBuildOpts)
+	}
+
+	cc.balancerWrapper.handleResolvedAddrs(addrs, nil)
+}
+
+// switchBalancer starts the switching from current balancer to the balancer
+// with the given name.
+//
+// It will NOT send the current address list to the new balancer. If needed,
+// caller of this function should send address list to the new balancer after
+// this function returns.
+//
+// Caller must hold cc.mu.
+func (cc *ClientConn) switchBalancer(name string) {
+	if cc.conns == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if strings.ToLower(cc.curBalancerName) == strings.ToLower(name) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	grpclog.Infof("ClientConn switching balancer to %q", name)
+	if cc.dopts.balancerBuilder != nil {
+		grpclog.Infoln("ignoring balancer switching: Balancer DialOption used instead")
+		return
+	}
+	// TODO(bar switching) change this to two steps: drain and close.
+	// Keep track of sc in wrapper.
+	if cc.balancerWrapper != nil {
+		cc.balancerWrapper.close()
+	}
+
+	builder := balancer.Get(name)
+	// TODO(yuxuanli): If user send a service config that does not contain a valid balancer name, should
+	// we reuse previous one?
+	if channelz.IsOn() {
+		if builder == nil {
+			channelz.AddTraceEvent(cc.channelzID, &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+				Desc:     fmt.Sprintf("Channel switches to new LB policy %q due to fallback from invalid balancer name", PickFirstBalancerName),
+				Severity: channelz.CtWarning,
+			})
+		} else {
+			channelz.AddTraceEvent(cc.channelzID, &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+				Desc:     fmt.Sprintf("Channel switches to new LB policy %q", name),
+				Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	if builder == nil {
+		grpclog.Infof("failed to get balancer builder for: %v, using pick_first instead", name)
+		builder = newPickfirstBuilder()
+	}
+
+	cc.preBalancerName = cc.curBalancerName
+	cc.curBalancerName = builder.Name()
+	cc.balancerWrapper = newCCBalancerWrapper(cc, builder, cc.balancerBuildOpts)
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) handleSubConnStateChange(sc balancer.SubConn, s connectivity.State) {
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	if cc.conns == nil {
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	// TODO(bar switching) send updates to all balancer wrappers when balancer
+	// gracefully switching is supported.
+	cc.balancerWrapper.handleSubConnStateChange(sc, s)
+	cc.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// newAddrConn creates an addrConn for addrs and adds it to cc.conns.
+//
+// Caller needs to make sure len(addrs) > 0.
+func (cc *ClientConn) newAddrConn(addrs []resolver.Address, opts balancer.NewSubConnOptions) (*addrConn, error) {
+	ac := &addrConn{
+		cc:                  cc,
+		addrs:               addrs,
+		scopts:              opts,
+		dopts:               cc.dopts,
+		czData:              new(channelzData),
+		successfulHandshake: true, // make the first nextAddr() call _not_ move addrIdx up by 1
+		resetBackoff:        make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	ac.ctx, ac.cancel = context.WithCancel(cc.ctx)
+	// Track ac in cc. This needs to be done before any getTransport(...) is called.
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	if cc.conns == nil {
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil, ErrClientConnClosing
+	}
+	if channelz.IsOn() {
+		ac.channelzID = channelz.RegisterSubChannel(ac, cc.channelzID, "")
+		channelz.AddTraceEvent(ac.channelzID, &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+			Desc:     "Subchannel Created",
+			Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+			Parent: &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+				Desc:     fmt.Sprintf("Subchannel(id:%d) created", ac.channelzID),
+				Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+			},
+		})
+	}
+	cc.conns[ac] = struct{}{}
+	cc.mu.Unlock()
+	return ac, nil
+}
+
+// removeAddrConn removes the addrConn in the subConn from clientConn.
+// It also tears down the ac with the given error.
+func (cc *ClientConn) removeAddrConn(ac *addrConn, err error) {
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	if cc.conns == nil {
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	delete(cc.conns, ac)
+	cc.mu.Unlock()
+	ac.tearDown(err)
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) channelzMetric() *channelz.ChannelInternalMetric {
+	return &channelz.ChannelInternalMetric{
+		State:                    cc.GetState(),
+		Target:                   cc.target,
+		CallsStarted:             atomic.LoadInt64(&cc.czData.callsStarted),
+		CallsSucceeded:           atomic.LoadInt64(&cc.czData.callsSucceeded),
+		CallsFailed:              atomic.LoadInt64(&cc.czData.callsFailed),
+		LastCallStartedTimestamp: time.Unix(0, atomic.LoadInt64(&cc.czData.lastCallStartedTime)),
+	}
+}
+
+// Target returns the target string of the ClientConn.
+// This is an EXPERIMENTAL API.
+func (cc *ClientConn) Target() string {
+	return cc.target
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) incrCallsStarted() {
+	atomic.AddInt64(&cc.czData.callsStarted, 1)
+	atomic.StoreInt64(&cc.czData.lastCallStartedTime, time.Now().UnixNano())
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) incrCallsSucceeded() {
+	atomic.AddInt64(&cc.czData.callsSucceeded, 1)
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) incrCallsFailed() {
+	atomic.AddInt64(&cc.czData.callsFailed, 1)
+}
+
+// connect starts creating a transport.
+// It does nothing if the ac is not IDLE.
+// TODO(bar) Move this to the addrConn section.
+func (ac *addrConn) connect() error {
+	ac.mu.Lock()
+	if ac.state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+		return errConnClosing
+	}
+	if ac.state != connectivity.Idle {
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+	ac.updateConnectivityState(connectivity.Connecting)
+	ac.cc.handleSubConnStateChange(ac.acbw, ac.state)
+	ac.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Start a goroutine connecting to the server asynchronously.
+	go ac.resetTransport(false)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// tryUpdateAddrs tries to update ac.addrs with the new addresses list.
+//
+// It checks whether current connected address of ac is in the new addrs list.
+//  - If true, it updates ac.addrs and returns true. The ac will keep using
+//    the existing connection.
+//  - If false, it does nothing and returns false.
+func (ac *addrConn) tryUpdateAddrs(addrs []resolver.Address) bool {
+	ac.mu.Lock()
+	defer ac.mu.Unlock()
+	grpclog.Infof("addrConn: tryUpdateAddrs curAddr: %v, addrs: %v", ac.curAddr, addrs)
+	if ac.state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+		ac.addrs = addrs
+		return true
+	}
+
+	var curAddrFound bool
+	for _, a := range addrs {
+		if reflect.DeepEqual(ac.curAddr, a) {
+			curAddrFound = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	grpclog.Infof("addrConn: tryUpdateAddrs curAddrFound: %v", curAddrFound)
+	if curAddrFound {
+		ac.addrs = addrs
+		ac.addrIdx = 0 // Start reconnecting from beginning in the new list.
+	}
+
+	return curAddrFound
+}
+
+// GetMethodConfig gets the method config of the input method.
+// If there's an exact match for input method (i.e. /service/method), we return
+// the corresponding MethodConfig.
+// If there isn't an exact match for the input method, we look for the default config
+// under the service (i.e /service/). If there is a default MethodConfig for
+// the service, we return it.
+// Otherwise, we return an empty MethodConfig.
+func (cc *ClientConn) GetMethodConfig(method string) MethodConfig {
+	// TODO: Avoid the locking here.
+	cc.mu.RLock()
+	defer cc.mu.RUnlock()
+	m, ok := cc.sc.Methods[method]
+	if !ok {
+		i := strings.LastIndex(method, "/")
+		m = cc.sc.Methods[method[:i+1]]
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) getTransport(ctx context.Context, failfast bool, method string) (transport.ClientTransport, func(balancer.DoneInfo), error) {
+	hdr, _ := metadata.FromOutgoingContext(ctx)
+	t, done, err := cc.blockingpicker.pick(ctx, failfast, balancer.PickOptions{
+		FullMethodName: method,
+		Header:         hdr,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, toRPCErr(err)
+	}
+	return t, done, nil
+}
+
+// handleServiceConfig parses the service config string in JSON format to Go native
+// struct ServiceConfig, and store both the struct and the JSON string in ClientConn.
+func (cc *ClientConn) handleServiceConfig(js string) error {
+	if cc.dopts.disableServiceConfig {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if cc.scRaw == js {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if channelz.IsOn() {
+		channelz.AddTraceEvent(cc.channelzID, &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+			// The special formatting of \"%s\" instead of %q is to provide nice printing of service config
+			// for human consumption.
+			Desc:     fmt.Sprintf("Channel has a new service config \"%s\"", js),
+			Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+		})
+	}
+	sc, err := parseServiceConfig(js)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	// Check if the ClientConn is already closed. Some fields (e.g.
+	// balancerWrapper) are set to nil when closing the ClientConn, and could
+	// cause nil pointer panic if we don't have this check.
+	if cc.conns == nil {
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+	cc.scRaw = js
+	cc.sc = sc
+
+	if sc.retryThrottling != nil {
+		newThrottler := &retryThrottler{
+			tokens: sc.retryThrottling.MaxTokens,
+			max:    sc.retryThrottling.MaxTokens,
+			thresh: sc.retryThrottling.MaxTokens / 2,
+			ratio:  sc.retryThrottling.TokenRatio,
+		}
+		cc.retryThrottler.Store(newThrottler)
+	} else {
+		cc.retryThrottler.Store((*retryThrottler)(nil))
+	}
+
+	if sc.LB != nil && *sc.LB != grpclbName { // "grpclb" is not a valid balancer option in service config.
+		if cc.curBalancerName == grpclbName {
+			// If current balancer is grpclb, there's at least one grpclb
+			// balancer address in the resolved list. Don't switch the balancer,
+			// but change the previous balancer name, so if a new resolved
+			// address list doesn't contain grpclb address, balancer will be
+			// switched to *sc.LB.
+			cc.preBalancerName = *sc.LB
+		} else {
+			cc.switchBalancer(*sc.LB)
+			cc.balancerWrapper.handleResolvedAddrs(cc.curAddresses, nil)
+		}
+	}
+
+	cc.mu.Unlock()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (cc *ClientConn) resolveNow(o resolver.ResolveNowOption) {
+	cc.mu.RLock()
+	r := cc.resolverWrapper
+	cc.mu.RUnlock()
+	if r == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	go r.resolveNow(o)
+}
+
+// ResetConnectBackoff wakes up all subchannels in transient failure and causes
+// them to attempt another connection immediately.  It also resets the backoff
+// times used for subsequent attempts regardless of the current state.
+//
+// In general, this function should not be used.  Typical service or network
+// outages result in a reasonable client reconnection strategy by default.
+// However, if a previously unavailable network becomes available, this may be
+// used to trigger an immediate reconnect.
+//
+// This API is EXPERIMENTAL.
+func (cc *ClientConn) ResetConnectBackoff() {
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	defer cc.mu.Unlock()
+	for ac := range cc.conns {
+		ac.resetConnectBackoff()
+	}
+}
+
+// Close tears down the ClientConn and all underlying connections.
+func (cc *ClientConn) Close() error {
+	defer cc.cancel()
+
+	cc.mu.Lock()
+	if cc.conns == nil {
+		cc.mu.Unlock()
+		return ErrClientConnClosing
+	}
+	conns := cc.conns
+	cc.conns = nil
+	cc.csMgr.updateState(connectivity.Shutdown)
+
+	rWrapper := cc.resolverWrapper
+	cc.resolverWrapper = nil
+	bWrapper := cc.balancerWrapper
+	cc.balancerWrapper = nil
+	cc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	cc.blockingpicker.close()
+
+	if rWrapper != nil {
+		rWrapper.close()
+	}
+	if bWrapper != nil {
+		bWrapper.close()
+	}
+
+	for ac := range conns {
+		ac.tearDown(ErrClientConnClosing)
+	}
+	if channelz.IsOn() {
+		ted := &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+			Desc:     "Channel Deleted",
+			Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+		}
+		if cc.dopts.channelzParentID != 0 {
+			ted.Parent = &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+				Desc:     fmt.Sprintf("Nested channel(id:%d) deleted", cc.channelzID),
+				Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+			}
+		}
+		channelz.AddTraceEvent(cc.channelzID, ted)
+		// TraceEvent needs to be called before RemoveEntry, as TraceEvent may add trace reference to
+		// the entity beng deleted, and thus prevent it from being deleted right away.
+		channelz.RemoveEntry(cc.channelzID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// addrConn is a network connection to a given address.
+type addrConn struct {
+	ctx    context.Context
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
+
+	cc     *ClientConn
+	dopts  dialOptions
+	acbw   balancer.SubConn
+	scopts balancer.NewSubConnOptions
+
+	transport transport.ClientTransport // The current transport.
+
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	addrIdx int                // The index in addrs list to start reconnecting from.
+	curAddr resolver.Address   // The current address.
+	addrs   []resolver.Address // All addresses that the resolver resolved to.
+
+	// Use updateConnectivityState for updating addrConn's connectivity state.
+	state connectivity.State
+
+	tearDownErr error // The reason this addrConn is torn down.
+
+	backoffIdx int
+	// backoffDeadline is the time until which resetTransport needs to
+	// wait before increasing backoffIdx count.
+	backoffDeadline time.Time
+	// connectDeadline is the time by which all connection
+	// negotiations must complete.
+	connectDeadline time.Time
+
+	resetBackoff chan struct{}
+
+	channelzID int64 // channelz unique identification number
+	czData     *channelzData
+
+	successfulHandshake bool
+}
+
+// Note: this requires a lock on ac.mu.
+func (ac *addrConn) updateConnectivityState(s connectivity.State) {
+	ac.state = s
+	if channelz.IsOn() {
+		channelz.AddTraceEvent(ac.channelzID, &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+			Desc:     fmt.Sprintf("Subchannel Connectivity change to %v", s),
+			Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// adjustParams updates parameters used to create transports upon
+// receiving a GoAway.
+func (ac *addrConn) adjustParams(r transport.GoAwayReason) {
+	switch r {
+	case transport.GoAwayTooManyPings:
+		v := 2 * ac.dopts.copts.KeepaliveParams.Time
+		ac.cc.mu.Lock()
+		if v > ac.cc.mkp.Time {
+			ac.cc.mkp.Time = v
+		}
+		ac.cc.mu.Unlock()
+	}
+}
+
+// resetTransport makes sure that a healthy ac.transport exists.
+//
+// The transport will close itself when it encounters an error, or on GOAWAY, or on deadline waiting for handshake, or
+// when the clientconn is closed. Each iteration creating a new transport will try a different address that the balancer
+// assigned to the addrConn, until it has tried all addresses. Once it has tried all addresses, it will re-resolve to
+// get a new address list. If an error is received, the list is re-resolved and the next reset attempt will try from the
+// beginning. This method has backoff built in. The backoff amount starts at 0 and increases each time resolution occurs
+// (addresses are exhausted). The backoff amount is reset to 0 each time a handshake is received.
+//
+// If the DialOption WithWaitForHandshake was set, resetTransport returns successfully only after handshake is received.
+func (ac *addrConn) resetTransport(resolveNow bool) {
+	for {
+		// If this is the first in a line of resets, we want to resolve immediately. The only other time we
+		// want to reset is if we have tried all the addresses handed to us.
+		if resolveNow {
+			ac.mu.Lock()
+			ac.cc.resolveNow(resolver.ResolveNowOption{})
+			ac.mu.Unlock()
+		}
+
+		ac.mu.Lock()
+		if ac.state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+			ac.mu.Unlock()
+			return
+		}
+
+		// If the connection is READY, a failure must have occurred.
+		// Otherwise, we'll consider this is a transient failure when:
+		//   We've exhausted all addresses
+		//   We're in CONNECTING
+		//   And it's not the very first addr to try TODO(deklerk) find a better way to do this than checking ac.successfulHandshake
+		if ac.state == connectivity.Ready || (ac.addrIdx == len(ac.addrs)-1 && ac.state == connectivity.Connecting && !ac.successfulHandshake) {
+			ac.updateConnectivityState(connectivity.TransientFailure)
+			ac.cc.handleSubConnStateChange(ac.acbw, ac.state)
+		}
+		ac.transport = nil
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+
+		if err := ac.nextAddr(); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		ac.mu.Lock()
+		if ac.state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+			ac.mu.Unlock()
+			return
+		}
+
+		backoffIdx := ac.backoffIdx
+		backoffFor := ac.dopts.bs.Backoff(backoffIdx)
+
+		// This will be the duration that dial gets to finish.
+		dialDuration := getMinConnectTimeout()
+		if backoffFor > dialDuration {
+			// Give dial more time as we keep failing to connect.
+			dialDuration = backoffFor
+		}
+		start := time.Now()
+		connectDeadline := start.Add(dialDuration)
+		ac.backoffDeadline = start.Add(backoffFor)
+		ac.connectDeadline = connectDeadline
+
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+
+		ac.cc.mu.RLock()
+		ac.dopts.copts.KeepaliveParams = ac.cc.mkp
+		ac.cc.mu.RUnlock()
+
+		ac.mu.Lock()
+
+		if ac.state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+			ac.mu.Unlock()
+			return
+		}
+
+		if ac.state != connectivity.Connecting {
+			ac.updateConnectivityState(connectivity.Connecting)
+			ac.cc.handleSubConnStateChange(ac.acbw, ac.state)
+		}
+
+		addr := ac.addrs[ac.addrIdx]
+		copts := ac.dopts.copts
+		if ac.scopts.CredsBundle != nil {
+			copts.CredsBundle = ac.scopts.CredsBundle
+		}
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+
+		if channelz.IsOn() {
+			channelz.AddTraceEvent(ac.channelzID, &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+				Desc:     fmt.Sprintf("Subchannel picks a new address %q to connect", addr.Addr),
+				Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+			})
+		}
+
+		if err := ac.createTransport(backoffIdx, addr, copts, connectDeadline); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+// createTransport creates a connection to one of the backends in addrs.
+func (ac *addrConn) createTransport(backoffNum int, addr resolver.Address, copts transport.ConnectOptions, connectDeadline time.Time) error {
+	oneReset := sync.Once{}
+	skipReset := make(chan struct{})
+	allowedToReset := make(chan struct{})
+	prefaceReceived := make(chan struct{})
+	onCloseCalled := make(chan struct{})
+
+	var prefaceMu sync.Mutex
+	var serverPrefaceReceived bool
+	var clientPrefaceWrote bool
+
+	onGoAway := func(r transport.GoAwayReason) {
+		ac.mu.Lock()
+		ac.adjustParams(r)
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+		select {
+		case <-skipReset: // The outer resetTransport loop will handle reconnection.
+			return
+		case <-allowedToReset: // We're in the clear to reset.
+			go oneReset.Do(func() { ac.resetTransport(false) })
+		}
+	}
+
+	prefaceTimer := time.NewTimer(connectDeadline.Sub(time.Now()))
+
+	onClose := func() {
+		close(onCloseCalled)
+		prefaceTimer.Stop()
+
+		select {
+		case <-skipReset: // The outer resetTransport loop will handle reconnection.
+			return
+		case <-allowedToReset: // We're in the clear to reset.
+			oneReset.Do(func() { ac.resetTransport(false) })
+		}
+	}
+
+	target := transport.TargetInfo{
+		Addr:      addr.Addr,
+		Metadata:  addr.Metadata,
+		Authority: ac.cc.authority,
+	}
+
+	onPrefaceReceipt := func() {
+		close(prefaceReceived)
+		prefaceTimer.Stop()
+
+		// TODO(deklerk): optimization; does anyone else actually use this lock? maybe we can just remove it for this scope
+		ac.mu.Lock()
+
+		prefaceMu.Lock()
+		serverPrefaceReceived = true
+		if clientPrefaceWrote {
+			ac.successfulHandshake = true
+			ac.backoffDeadline = time.Time{}
+			ac.connectDeadline = time.Time{}
+			ac.addrIdx = 0
+			ac.backoffIdx = 0
+		}
+		prefaceMu.Unlock()
+
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	// Do not cancel in the success path because of this issue in Go1.6: https://github.com/golang/go/issues/15078.
+	connectCtx, cancel := context.WithDeadline(ac.ctx, connectDeadline)
+	if channelz.IsOn() {
+		copts.ChannelzParentID = ac.channelzID
+	}
+
+	newTr, err := transport.NewClientTransport(connectCtx, ac.cc.ctx, target, copts, onPrefaceReceipt, onGoAway, onClose)
+
+	if err == nil {
+		prefaceMu.Lock()
+		clientPrefaceWrote = true
+		if serverPrefaceReceived {
+			ac.successfulHandshake = true
+		}
+		prefaceMu.Unlock()
+
+		if ac.dopts.waitForHandshake {
+			select {
+			case <-prefaceTimer.C:
+				// We didn't get the preface in time.
+				newTr.Close()
+				err = errors.New("timed out waiting for server handshake")
+			case <-prefaceReceived:
+				// We got the preface - huzzah! things are good.
+			case <-onCloseCalled:
+				// The transport has already closed - noop.
+				close(allowedToReset)
+				return nil
+			}
+		} else {
+			go func() {
+				select {
+				case <-prefaceTimer.C:
+					// We didn't get the preface in time.
+					newTr.Close()
+				case <-prefaceReceived:
+					// We got the preface just in the nick of time - huzzah!
+				case <-onCloseCalled:
+					// The transport has already closed - noop.
+				}
+			}()
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		// newTr is either nil, or closed.
+		cancel()
+		ac.cc.blockingpicker.updateConnectionError(err)
+		ac.mu.Lock()
+		if ac.state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+			// ac.tearDown(...) has been invoked.
+			ac.mu.Unlock()
+
+			// We don't want to reset during this close because we prefer to kick out of this function and let the loop
+			// in resetTransport take care of reconnecting.
+			close(skipReset)
+
+			return errConnClosing
+		}
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+		grpclog.Warningf("grpc: addrConn.createTransport failed to connect to %v. Err :%v. Reconnecting...", addr, err)
+
+		// We don't want to reset during this close because we prefer to kick out of this function and let the loop
+		// in resetTransport take care of reconnecting.
+		close(skipReset)
+
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ac.mu.Lock()
+
+	if ac.state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+
+		// We don't want to reset during this close because we prefer to kick out of this function and let the loop
+		// in resetTransport take care of reconnecting.
+		close(skipReset)
+
+		newTr.Close()
+		return errConnClosing
+	}
+
+	ac.updateConnectivityState(connectivity.Ready)
+	ac.cc.handleSubConnStateChange(ac.acbw, ac.state)
+	ac.transport = newTr
+	ac.curAddr = addr
+
+	ac.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Ok, _now_ we will finally let the transport reset if it encounters a closable error. Without this, the reader
+	// goroutine failing races with all the code in this method that sets the connection to "ready".
+	close(allowedToReset)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// nextAddr increments the addrIdx if there are more addresses to try. If
+// there are no more addrs to try it will re-resolve, set addrIdx to 0, and
+// increment the backoffIdx.
+//
+// nextAddr must be called without ac.mu being held.
+func (ac *addrConn) nextAddr() error {
+	ac.mu.Lock()
+
+	// If a handshake has been observed, we expect the counters to have manually
+	// been reset so we'll just return, since we want the next usage to start
+	// at index 0.
+	if ac.successfulHandshake {
+		ac.successfulHandshake = false
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if ac.addrIdx < len(ac.addrs)-1 {
+		ac.addrIdx++
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	ac.addrIdx = 0
+	ac.backoffIdx++
+
+	if ac.state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+		return errConnClosing
+	}
+	ac.cc.resolveNow(resolver.ResolveNowOption{})
+	backoffDeadline := ac.backoffDeadline
+	b := ac.resetBackoff
+	ac.mu.Unlock()
+	timer := time.NewTimer(backoffDeadline.Sub(time.Now()))
+	select {
+	case <-timer.C:
+	case <-b:
+		timer.Stop()
+	case <-ac.ctx.Done():
+		timer.Stop()
+		return ac.ctx.Err()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (ac *addrConn) resetConnectBackoff() {
+	ac.mu.Lock()
+	close(ac.resetBackoff)
+	ac.backoffIdx = 0
+	ac.resetBackoff = make(chan struct{})
+	ac.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// getReadyTransport returns the transport if ac's state is READY.
+// Otherwise it returns nil, false.
+// If ac's state is IDLE, it will trigger ac to connect.
+func (ac *addrConn) getReadyTransport() (transport.ClientTransport, bool) {
+	ac.mu.Lock()
+	if ac.state == connectivity.Ready && ac.transport != nil {
+		t := ac.transport
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+		return t, true
+	}
+	var idle bool
+	if ac.state == connectivity.Idle {
+		idle = true
+	}
+	ac.mu.Unlock()
+	// Trigger idle ac to connect.
+	if idle {
+		ac.connect()
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+// tearDown starts to tear down the addrConn.
+// TODO(zhaoq): Make this synchronous to avoid unbounded memory consumption in
+// some edge cases (e.g., the caller opens and closes many addrConn's in a
+// tight loop.
+// tearDown doesn't remove ac from ac.cc.conns.
+func (ac *addrConn) tearDown(err error) {
+	ac.mu.Lock()
+	if ac.state == connectivity.Shutdown {
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	// We have to set the state to Shutdown before anything else to prevent races
+	// between setting the state and logic that waits on context cancelation / etc.
+	ac.updateConnectivityState(connectivity.Shutdown)
+	ac.cancel()
+	ac.tearDownErr = err
+	ac.cc.handleSubConnStateChange(ac.acbw, ac.state)
+	ac.curAddr = resolver.Address{}
+	if err == errConnDrain && ac.transport != nil {
+		// GracefulClose(...) may be executed multiple times when
+		// i) receiving multiple GoAway frames from the server; or
+		// ii) there are concurrent name resolver/Balancer triggered
+		// address removal and GoAway.
+		// We have to unlock and re-lock here because GracefulClose => Close => onClose, which requires locking ac.mu.
+		ac.mu.Unlock()
+		ac.transport.GracefulClose()
+		ac.mu.Lock()
+	}
+	if channelz.IsOn() {
+		channelz.AddTraceEvent(ac.channelzID, &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+			Desc:     "Subchannel Deleted",
+			Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+			Parent: &channelz.TraceEventDesc{
+				Desc:     fmt.Sprintf("Subchanel(id:%d) deleted", ac.channelzID),
+				Severity: channelz.CtINFO,
+			},
+		})
+		// TraceEvent needs to be called before RemoveEntry, as TraceEvent may add trace reference to
+		// the entity beng deleted, and thus prevent it from being deleted right away.
+		channelz.RemoveEntry(ac.channelzID)
+	}
+	ac.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (ac *addrConn) getState() connectivity.State {
+	ac.mu.Lock()
+	defer ac.mu.Unlock()
+	return ac.state
+}
+
+func (ac *addrConn) ChannelzMetric() *channelz.ChannelInternalMetric {
+	ac.mu.Lock()
+	addr := ac.curAddr.Addr
+	ac.mu.Unlock()
+	return &channelz.ChannelInternalMetric{
+		State:                    ac.getState(),
+		Target:                   addr,
+		CallsStarted:             atomic.LoadInt64(&ac.czData.callsStarted),
+		CallsSucceeded:           atomic.LoadInt64(&ac.czData.callsSucceeded),
+		CallsFailed:              atomic.LoadInt64(&ac.czData.callsFailed),
+		LastCallStartedTimestamp: time.Unix(0, atomic.LoadInt64(&ac.czData.lastCallStartedTime)),
+	}
+}
+
+func (ac *addrConn) incrCallsStarted() {
+	atomic.AddInt64(&ac.czData.callsStarted, 1)
+	atomic.StoreInt64(&ac.czData.lastCallStartedTime, time.Now().UnixNano())
+}
+
+func (ac *addrConn) incrCallsSucceeded() {
+	atomic.AddInt64(&ac.czData.callsSucceeded, 1)
+}
+
+func (ac *addrConn) incrCallsFailed() {
+	atomic.AddInt64(&ac.czData.callsFailed, 1)
+}
+
+type retryThrottler struct {
+	max    float64
+	thresh float64
+	ratio  float64
+
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	tokens float64 // TODO(dfawley): replace with atomic and remove lock.
+}
+
+// throttle subtracts a retry token from the pool and returns whether a retry
+// should be throttled (disallowed) based upon the retry throttling policy in
+// the service config.
+func (rt *retryThrottler) throttle() bool {
+	if rt == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	rt.mu.Lock()
+	defer rt.mu.Unlock()
+	rt.tokens--
+	if rt.tokens < 0 {
+		rt.tokens = 0
+	}
+	return rt.tokens <= rt.thresh
+}
+
+func (rt *retryThrottler) successfulRPC() {
+	if rt == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	rt.mu.Lock()
+	defer rt.mu.Unlock()
+	rt.tokens += rt.ratio
+	if rt.tokens > rt.max {
+		rt.tokens = rt.max
+	}
+}
+
+type channelzChannel struct {
+	cc *ClientConn
+}
+
+func (c *channelzChannel) ChannelzMetric() *channelz.ChannelInternalMetric {
+	return c.cc.channelzMetric()
+}
+
+// ErrClientConnTimeout indicates that the ClientConn cannot establish the
+// underlying connections within the specified timeout.
+//
+// Deprecated: This error is never returned by grpc and should not be
+// referenced by users.
+var ErrClientConnTimeout = errors.New("grpc: timed out when dialing")